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How Do I Prevent Pipes From Freezing in Winter?

Last updated October 26, 2026

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The short answer

Insulate Exposed Pipes

Wrap pipes in unheated areas like attics, basements, and crawl spaces with foam insulation sleeves or heat tape. This slows heat loss, giving the water inside more time to stay liquid. Focus on pipes near exterior walls, where cold air can reach them easily.

Check for gaps in insulation where cold air can sneak in. Pay special attention to elbows and joints, which freeze faster than straight runs. Adding insulation is a simple job you can do yourself, and it makes a real difference during a deep freeze.

  • Use foam sleeves or fiberglass wrap for easy installation
  • Cover all joints and bends completely
  • Secure insulation with tape or zip ties
  • Replace worn or missing insulation each fall
  • Consider heat tape for especially cold spots

Seal Air Leaks

Cold air can blow directly onto pipes through cracks and gaps in walls, floors, and foundations. Seal these openings with caulk or spray foam. Check around pipes that enter the house, like where the main water line comes in, and around vents and dryer ducts.

Look for drafts near exterior doors and windows too, even if they are not right next to pipes. Sealing air leaks keeps the whole house warmer, which helps every pipe stay above freezing. This step also lowers your heating bills, so it pays off in more ways than one.

  • Caulk gaps around pipe penetrations
  • Use spray foam for larger holes
  • Seal around dryer vents and exhaust fans
  • Check for gaps under doors and around windows
  • Install door sweeps if needed

Keep Water Moving

Moving water freezes slower than still water. When temperatures drop below freezing, let a small trickle of water run from your faucets. Start with the faucet farthest from the main shutoff valve, and keep the flow steady but small.

Open cabinet doors under sinks to let warm room air reach the pipes. This is especially helpful in kitchens and bathrooms on exterior walls. If you plan to leave home during a cold snap, keep the heat on at a low setting and continue the drip to avoid surprises.

  • Run a pencil-thin stream from one or two faucets
  • Open under-sink cabinets during freezing nights
  • Keep the thermostat at least 55 degrees when away
  • Turn off outdoor faucets and drain the hose
  • Insulate outdoor spigots with covers

Know the Warning Signs

Frozen pipes often show signs before they burst. Listen for odd noises, like banging or gurgling, when you turn on a tap. You might also notice reduced water pressure or no water at all. If you suspect a freeze, act carefully.

Never use an open flame to thaw a pipe. Instead, apply heat with a hair dryer or space heater, starting from the faucet side. If a pipe has already burst, shut off the main water valve immediately and call local water damage pros to handle the cleanup.

When a Pipe Bursts

A burst pipe can flood your home quickly. Shut off the water at the main valve right away. Then turn off the electricity in the affected areas if it is safe to do so. Move valuables and furniture out of the water's path if you can.

The pros who handle water damage cleanup have the equipment to dry out walls, floors, and carpets quickly. They can also help assess the extent of the damage. Policies vary, and your insurer decides what is covered. Check your policy and document everything with photos.

For serious leaks, you might need drywall repair or flooring removal after the cleanup. Address the problem fast to prevent mold and structural issues.

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Frequently asked questions

At what temperature should I let my faucets drip?

When the outdoor temperature is expected to drop to 20 degrees Fahrenheit or below, let a small stream of water run. This is especially important for pipes on exterior walls or in unheated spaces. The drip helps prevent ice from blocking the pipe.

How long can a pipe stay frozen before it bursts?

A pipe can stay frozen for a few hours or even a day without bursting, depending on the material and water pressure. Ice expands, so the risk increases the longer the freeze lasts. Thaw the pipe gently as soon as you notice it.

What should I do if my pipe bursts and water is everywhere?

Shut off the main water valve immediately. Then turn off electricity in the affected area if safe. Call the pros for cleanup. They can extract water and dry the space to reduce damage. Document the damage for your insurance claim.

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